Wayuu

The Wayuu are primarily found in La Guajira, Colombia, and in Zulia, Venezuela. They represent 20% of Colombia's Indigenous population, accounting for 48% of La Guajira's population.

Residing in the arid region of La Guajira, the Wayuu have historically adopted a semi-nomadic lifestyle focused on herding and fishing. Their geographic isolation allowed them to maintain autonomy, resisting colonization efforts by the Spanish in the 16th century. Although they engaged in trade with European settlers, they fiercely defended their land and culture. Even as Colombia and Venezuela gained independence, the Wayuu remained marginalized, yet they continued to advocate for their rights and maintain their cultural practices.

The Wayuu speak Wayuunaiki, a language from the Arawakan family. While many are bilingual in Spanish, efforts continue to preserve Wayuunaiki and integrate it into local educational systems.

The Wayuu trace their origins to Wotkasainru in Alta Guajira, where they believe they were created by Maleiwa. This figure not only shaped their society but also designated unique marks for each clan. Marriage is crucial, as it establishes alliances that bring resources and community support. Women are responsible for burial practices, ensuring that the deceased are honored according to tradition.

Wayuu celebrations are deeply intertwined with their beliefs. The "Yonna" dance is a key tradition during important events, while the "wayúu inna," a coming-of-age ceremony for girls, marks their transition into womanhood, emphasizing family and community values.

Music holds a special place in Wayuu culture, used to convey stories and celebrate significant events. Common instruments include drums, flutes, and maracas, and traditional dances like "Cachiru" are performed during festivities.